Investigations in Environmental Science

Lesson Summaries, Concepts & Practices

Unit 2: Energy Generation

LESSON SUMMARIES CONCEPTS & PRACTICES
Chapter 1: Electricity  
Lesson 1: The Demand for Energy
Students act out a news report about an electricity shortage and critically examine the arguments made by each stakeholder.
  • Energy Demand and Availability
  • Blackouts/Brownouts
  • Non-renewable energy sources
  • Evidence/Opinion
  • Stakeholders Charts
 
Lesson 2: What is Electricity?
Reviewing basic electricity concepts and performing an electrical circuitry lab lays the foundation for students roles in solving the electricity shortage as members of an environmental task force.
  • Electricity
  • Circuits
  • Energy Transformations
 
Lesson 3: Energy Transformations
Students investigate a variety of different kinds of energy transformations and learn about the ways people convert energy from one form to another.
  • Electricity
  • Natural Energy Sources
  • Energy Transformation
  • Input/Output Diagrams
  • Energy Conversion
 
Lesson 4: Large Scale Electricity Generation
Readings introduce students to the environmental resources required to produce electricity and where electricity comes from.
  • Hydroelectric Power
  • Solar Power
  • Power from Biomass
  • Nuclear Power
  • Coal
  • Data Analysis
Chapter 2: Fossil Fuels  
Lesson 1: What Are Fossil Fuels?
Students learn about coal formation, conduct experiments to categorize different types/properties of coal, and evaluate the environmental effects of extracting coal from the earth.
  • Coal Formation
  • Coal Extraction
  • Fossil Fuels
  • Non-renewable Resources
 
Lesson 2: Stored Energy
Experiments of burning foods allow students to calculate the stored energy in each and how much of that energy is lost during transformation.
  • Energy Transformation
  • Energy Efficiency
 
Lesson 3: Power Plants
Computer software guides students through the internal processes of a power plant. Students apply their knowledge to create a flow chart explaining the entire energy conversion progression.
  • Energy Generation
  • Energy Transformation
  • Combustion
  • Power Plant Inputs and Outputs
 
Lesson 4: Operating a Power Plant
A computer model simulation allows students to run a power plant, taking into consideration consumer needs, available resources, pollution regulations, and environmental impacts.
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Economic Impacts
  • Social/Political Impacts
 
Lesson 5: Improving Power Plant Efficiency
Students graph data to analyze the efficiency of power plants over time, identify points in the energy transformation process where energy is lost, and think about ways to improve efficiency.
  • Data Analysis
  • Energy Transformation
  • Power Plant Efficiency
 
Lesson 6: Consumer Energy Use
After calculating their own energy uses and comparing it to that of people from different eras, students reflect on ways to conserve energy and predict the energy uses of families in Wisconsin.
  • Energy Consumption
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Watts
Chapter 3: Impacts
Lesson 1: Combustion of Fossil Fuels
Students explore the chemistry of combustion and discover the unintended outputs of burning coal through lab experiments.
  • Combustion
  • Byproducts
  • Particulates
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Data Analysis
 
Lesson 2: Ash and Particulates
Through readings and collecting particulates in their own school, students explore the environmental impacts of power plant emissions such as mercury.
  • Particulate Emissions
  • Mercury Bioaccumulation
  • Data Analysis
 
Lesson 3: Acidic Deposition and Smog
Labs and readings introduce students to the effects of acidic deposition on ecosystems and human-made materials and the impact of smog on large cities.
  • Acidic Deposition
  • Acid Rain
  • Smog
  • Input/Output Diagrams
 
Lesson 4: Water Impacts
Students calculate the amount of water used by coal-burning power plants and explore how it changes when passing through a plant to begin addressing the environmental effects of power plant's water usage.
  • Water Temperature
  • Evaporation
  • Once-through Systems
  • Closed-cycle Systems
  • Environmental Impacts
 
Lesson 5: Dispersion of Impacts
Students synthesize knowledge of the layers of the atmosphere, how smokestacks reduce the concentration of pollutants, and how airborne pollution spreads in plumes to diagram the impacts of a new power plant.
  • Smokestacks
  • Plumes
  • Dispersion
  • Environmental Impacts
Chapter 4: Plant Siting
Lesson 1: Midwest Power
Based on their knowledge of power plants and the needs and geography of the region, students determine the consequences of building a plant and what constraints and considerations go into deciding the plant location.
  • Impacts of Electricity Generation
  • Land Use
 
Lesson 2: Exploring Lake Geneva
Using computer software, ArcView, students determine the most appropriate locations for a coal-burning power plant in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
  • Land Use
  • Data Analysis
  • Coal-burning Power Plants
 
Lesson 3: Decision
Synthesizing all their knowledge from the unit, students create Stakeholders Charts and select the best location for the power plant and present their decision to the class.
  • Stakeholders Charts
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Economic Impacts
  • Socio-political Impacts
Chapter 5: Global Climate Change
Lesson 1: The Threat to Global Climate Change
Students learn about climate change and its possible consequences, and how scientists gather information about it.
  • Ecosystem Changes
  • Global Warming
 
Lesson 2: Earth's Natural Temperature
After exploring the difference between weather and climate students analyze graphs of temperature changes on local and global levels and analyze the potential impact of climate change over time.
  • Weather vs. Climate
  • Climate Change
  • Data Analysis
  • Globally Averaged Temperature
  • Grand Climate Cycles
 
Lesson 3: Sunlight and Temperature
WorldWatcher computer datasets help students explore how different areas are affected by energy from the Sun.
  • Solar Energy
  • Albedo
 
Lesson 4: Predicting Temperatures
Using their knowledge of sunlight and reflectivity, students use a computer model to predict temperatures on Earth and compare their results to actual surface temperatures.
  • Solar Energy
  • Albedo
  • Temperature Variations
  • Ocean Circulation
 
Lesson 5: Greenhouse Effect
Students conduct experiments and use a computer model to explore how different gases in the atmosphere hold heat near the Earth's surface.
  • Greenhouse Effect
  • Carbon Cycle
 
Lesson 6: Carbon Dioxide
Graphs help students relate the temperature on Earth to carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Students determine the impact human activities have on the natural carbon cycle and greenhouse effect.
  • Global Carbon Cycle
  • Greenhouse Effect
  • Environmental Impacts
 
Lesson 7: Misconceptions
Responding to letters from concerned citizens affords students the opportunity to synthesize their knowledge of energy generation, global climate change and the greenhouse effect.
  • Energy Generation
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Greenhouse Effect
Chapter 6: Alternative Energy
Lesson 1: What Are the Alternatives?
Students research and report on alternative energy sources, their benefits, and their environmental impacts.
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Input/Output Diagrams
  • Information Synthesis
  • Wind Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Energy from Biomass
  • Hydroelectric Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Hybrid Energy
 
Lesson 2: Setting the Stage
Using the Environmental Decision-Making process, students apply their knowledge of alternative energy sources to develop balanced energy solutions for three communities.
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Socio-political Impacts
  • Alternative Energy Sources
 
Lesson 3: Researching the Options
Performing data analysis in ArcView helps students create Cascading Consequence Charts of the effects of using each energy source at their assigned location.
  • Data Analysis
  • Wind Energy
  • Biomass Energy
  • Hydroelectric Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
 
Lesson 4: Decision
Synthesizing all their knowledge from the unit, students select the best option for their location and present their decision to the class.
  • Energy Generation
  • Alternative Energy Sources
  • Land Use
  • Environmental Impacts
  • Stakeholders Chart